X-Git-Url: http://jsfdemo.indexdata.com/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=src%2Ficu_I18N.c;h=c8ce0f299f958f7bab7cc80dcf78d0398af7e24f;hb=b3356073151093f1f2267ee7bf75139f4d650d40;hp=060030b142d0fa68265fdcdd28de1aa967201145;hpb=543d6fff956361a3fdd1de89392eb2cc308670b1;p=pazpar2-moved-to-github.git

diff --git a/src/icu_I18N.c b/src/icu_I18N.c
index 060030b..c8ce0f2 100644
--- a/src/icu_I18N.c
+++ b/src/icu_I18N.c
@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
-/* $Id: icu_I18N.c,v 1.1 2007-04-30 13:56:52 marc Exp $
+/* $Id: icu_I18N.c,v 1.14 2007-05-16 12:39:49 marc Exp $
    Copyright (c) 2006-2007, Index Data.
 
-This file is part of Pazpar2.
+   This file is part of Pazpar2.
 
-Pazpar2 is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
-the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
-Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later
-version.
+   Pazpar2 is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+   the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
+   Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later
+   version.
 
-Pazpar2 is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
-WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
-FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
-for more details.
+   Pazpar2 is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+   WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+   FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+   for more details.
 
-You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-along with Pazpar2; see the file LICENSE.  If not, write to the
-Free Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
-02111-1307, USA.
- */
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+   along with Pazpar2; see the file LICENSE.  If not, write to the
+   Free Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
+   02111-1307, USA.
+*/
 
 #if HAVE_CONFIG_H
 #include "cconfig.h"
@@ -35,150 +35,1016 @@ Free Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
 #include <yaz/log.h>
 
 #include <string.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
 #include <unicode/ustring.h>  /* some more string fcns*/
+#include <unicode/uchar.h>    /* char names           */
+
 
 //#include <unicode/ustdio.h>
 //#include <unicode/utypes.h>   /* Basic ICU data types */
-//#include <unicode/ucol.h> 
+#include <unicode/ucol.h> 
 //#include <unicode/ucnv.h>     /* C   Converter API    */
-//#include <unicode/uchar.h>    /* char names           */
 //#include <unicode/uloc.h>
 //#include <unicode/ubrk.h>
 /* #include <unicode/unistr.h> */
 
 
 
+
 int icu_check_status (UErrorCode status)
 {
-  if(U_FAILURE(status))
-      yaz_log(YLOG_WARN, 
-              "ICU Error: %d %s\n", status, u_errorName(status));
-  return status;
+    if(U_FAILURE(status)){
+        yaz_log(YLOG_WARN, 
+                "ICU: %d %s\n", status, u_errorName(status));
+        return 0;   
+    }
+    return 1;
+    
 }
 
 
-UChar* icu_utf16_from_utf8(UChar *utf16,             
-                           int32_t utf16_cap,
-                           int32_t *utf16_len,
-                           const char *utf8)
+
+struct icu_buf_utf16 * icu_buf_utf16_create(size_t capacity)
 {
-    size_t utf8_len = strlen(utf8);
-    return icu_utf16_from_utf8n(utf16, utf16_cap, utf16_len,
-                                  utf8, utf8_len);    
-}
+    struct icu_buf_utf16 * buf16 
+        = (struct icu_buf_utf16 *) malloc(sizeof(struct icu_buf_utf16));
+
+    buf16->utf16 = 0;
+    buf16->utf16_len = 0;
+    buf16->utf16_cap = 0;
+
+    if (capacity > 0){
+        buf16->utf16 = (UChar *) malloc(sizeof(UChar) * capacity);
+        buf16->utf16[0] = (UChar) 0;
+        buf16->utf16_cap = capacity;
+    }
+    return buf16;
+};
+
+
+struct icu_buf_utf16 * icu_buf_utf16_resize(struct icu_buf_utf16 * buf16,
+                                            size_t capacity)
+{
+    if (buf16){
+        if (capacity >  0){
+            if (0 == buf16->utf16)
+                buf16->utf16 = (UChar *) malloc(sizeof(UChar) * capacity);
+            else
+                buf16->utf16 
+                    = (UChar *) realloc(buf16->utf16, sizeof(UChar) * capacity);
+            buf16->utf16[0] = (UChar) 0;
+            buf16->utf16_len = 0;
+            buf16->utf16_cap = capacity;
+        } 
+        else { 
+            if (buf16->utf16)
+                free(buf16->utf16);
+            buf16->utf16 = 0;
+            buf16->utf16_len = 0;
+            buf16->utf16_cap = 0;
+        }
+    }
 
+    return buf16;
+};
 
-UChar* icu_utf16_from_utf8n(UChar *utf16,             
-                            int32_t utf16_cap,
-                            int32_t *utf16_len,
-                            const char *utf8, 
-                            size_t utf8_len)
+
+struct icu_buf_utf16 * icu_buf_utf16_copy(struct icu_buf_utf16 * dest16,
+                                          struct icu_buf_utf16 * src16)
 {
-    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
-    u_strFromUTF8(utf16, utf16_cap, utf16_len, utf8, (int32_t) utf8_len,
-                  &status);
-    if (U_ZERO_ERROR != icu_check_status(status))
+    if(!dest16 || !src16
+       || dest16 == src16)
         return 0;
-    else
-        return utf16;
-}
 
+    if (dest16->utf16_cap < src16->utf16_len)
+        icu_buf_utf16_resize(dest16, src16->utf16_len * 2);
+
+    u_strncpy(dest16->utf16, src16->utf16, src16->utf16_len);
+
+    return dest16;
+};
 
-char* icu_utf16_to_utf8(char *utf8,           
-                        size_t utf8_cap,
-                        size_t *utf8_len,
-                        const UChar *utf16, 
-                        int32_t utf16_len)
+
+void icu_buf_utf16_destroy(struct icu_buf_utf16 * buf16)
+{
+    if (buf16){
+        if (buf16->utf16)
+            free(buf16->utf16);
+        free(buf16);
+    }
+};
+
+
+
+
+
+
+struct icu_buf_utf8 * icu_buf_utf8_create(size_t capacity)
+{
+    struct icu_buf_utf8 * buf8 
+        = (struct icu_buf_utf8 *) malloc(sizeof(struct icu_buf_utf8));
+
+    buf8->utf8 = 0;
+    buf8->utf8_len = 0;
+    buf8->utf8_cap = 0;
+
+    if (capacity > 0){
+        buf8->utf8 = (uint8_t *) malloc(sizeof(uint8_t) * capacity);
+        buf8->utf8[0] = (uint8_t) 0;
+        buf8->utf8_cap = capacity;
+    }
+    return buf8;
+};
+
+
+
+struct icu_buf_utf8 * icu_buf_utf8_resize(struct icu_buf_utf8 * buf8,
+                                          size_t capacity)
 {
-    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
-    u_strToUTF8(utf8, (int32_t) utf8_cap, (int32_t *)utf8_len, 
-                utf16, utf16_len, &status);
-    if (U_ZERO_ERROR != icu_check_status(status))
+    if (buf8){
+        if (capacity >  0){
+            if (0 == buf8->utf8)
+                buf8->utf8 = (uint8_t *) malloc(sizeof(uint8_t) * capacity);
+            else
+                buf8->utf8 
+                    = (uint8_t *) realloc(buf8->utf8, 
+                                          sizeof(uint8_t) * capacity);
+            buf8->utf8[0] = (uint8_t) 0;
+            buf8->utf8_len = 0;
+            buf8->utf8_cap = capacity;
+        } 
+        else { 
+            if (buf8->utf8)
+                free(buf8->utf8);
+            buf8->utf8 = 0;
+            buf8->utf8_len = 0;
+            buf8->utf8_cap = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return buf8;
+};
+
+
+struct icu_buf_utf8 * icu_buf_utf8_copy(struct icu_buf_utf8 * dest8,
+                                          struct icu_buf_utf8 * src8)
+{
+    if(!dest8 || !src8
+       || dest8 == src8)
         return 0;
-    else
-        return utf8;
-}
+    
+
+    if (dest8->utf8_cap < src8->utf8_len)
+        icu_buf_utf8_resize(dest8, src8->utf8_len * 2);
+
+    strncpy((char*) dest8->utf8, (char*) src8->utf8, src8->utf8_len);
+
+    return dest8;
+};
+
+
+
+void icu_buf_utf8_destroy(struct icu_buf_utf8 * buf8)
+{
+    if (buf8){
+        if (buf8->utf8)
+            free(buf8->utf8);
+        free(buf8);
+    }
+};
+
+
+
+UErrorCode icu_utf16_from_utf8(struct icu_buf_utf16 * dest16,
+                               struct icu_buf_utf8 * src8,
+                               UErrorCode * status)
+{
+    int32_t utf16_len = 0;
+  
+    u_strFromUTF8(dest16->utf16, dest16->utf16_cap,
+                  &utf16_len,
+                  (const char *) src8->utf8, src8->utf8_len, status);
+  
+    // check for buffer overflow, resize and retry
+    if (*status == U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR
+        //|| dest16->utf16_len > dest16->utf16_cap
+        ){
+        icu_buf_utf16_resize(dest16, utf16_len * 2);
+        *status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
+        u_strFromUTF8(dest16->utf16, dest16->utf16_cap,
+                      &utf16_len,
+                      (const char *) src8->utf8, src8->utf8_len, status);
+    }
+
+    //if (*status != U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR
+    if (U_SUCCESS(*status)  
+        && utf16_len < dest16->utf16_cap)
+        dest16->utf16_len = utf16_len;
+    else {
+        dest16->utf16[0] = (UChar) 0;
+        dest16->utf16_len = 0;
+    }
+  
+    return *status;
+};
 
+ 
 
-int32_t icu_utf16_casemap(UChar *dest16, int32_t dest16_cap,
-                          const UChar *src16, int32_t src16_len,
-                          const char *locale, char action)
+UErrorCode icu_utf16_from_utf8_cstr(struct icu_buf_utf16 * dest16,
+                                    const char * src8cstr,
+                                    UErrorCode * status)
+{
+    size_t src8cstr_len = 0;
+    int32_t utf16_len = 0;
+
+    src8cstr_len = strlen(src8cstr);
+  
+    u_strFromUTF8(dest16->utf16, dest16->utf16_cap,
+                  &utf16_len,
+                  src8cstr, src8cstr_len, status);
+  
+    // check for buffer overflow, resize and retry
+    if (*status == U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR
+        //|| dest16->utf16_len > dest16->utf16_cap
+        ){
+        icu_buf_utf16_resize(dest16, utf16_len * 2);
+        *status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
+        u_strFromUTF8(dest16->utf16, dest16->utf16_cap,
+                      &utf16_len,
+                      src8cstr, src8cstr_len, status);
+    }
+
+    //  if (*status != U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR
+    if (U_SUCCESS(*status)  
+        && utf16_len < dest16->utf16_cap)
+        dest16->utf16_len = utf16_len;
+    else {
+        dest16->utf16[0] = (UChar) 0;
+        dest16->utf16_len = 0;
+    }
+  
+    return *status;
+};
+
+
+
+
+UErrorCode icu_utf16_to_utf8(struct icu_buf_utf8 * dest8,
+                             struct icu_buf_utf16 * src16,
+                             UErrorCode * status)
+{
+    int32_t utf8_len = 0;
+  
+    u_strToUTF8((char *) dest8->utf8, dest8->utf8_cap,
+                &utf8_len,
+                src16->utf16, src16->utf16_len, status);
+  
+    // check for buffer overflow, resize and retry
+    if (*status == U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR
+        //|| dest8->utf8_len > dest8->utf8_cap
+        ){
+        icu_buf_utf8_resize(dest8, utf8_len * 2);
+        *status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
+        u_strToUTF8((char *) dest8->utf8, dest8->utf8_cap,
+                    &utf8_len,
+                    src16->utf16, src16->utf16_len, status);
+
+    }
+
+    //if (*status != U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR
+    if (U_SUCCESS(*status)  
+        && utf8_len < dest8->utf8_cap)
+        dest8->utf8_len = utf8_len;
+    else {
+        dest8->utf8[0] = (uint8_t) 0;
+        dest8->utf8_len = 0;
+    }
+  
+    return *status;
+};
+
+
+
+int icu_utf16_casemap(struct icu_buf_utf16 * dest16,
+                      struct icu_buf_utf16 * src16,
+                      const char *locale, char action,
+                      UErrorCode *status)
 {
-    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
     int32_t dest16_len = 0;
     
     switch(action) {    
     case 'l':    
-        dest16_len = u_strToLower(dest16, dest16_cap, src16, src16_len, 
-                                  locale, &status);
+        dest16_len = u_strToLower(dest16->utf16, dest16->utf16_cap,
+                                  src16->utf16, src16->utf16_len, 
+                                  locale, status);
         break;
     case 'u':    
-        dest16_len = u_strToUpper(dest16, dest16_cap, src16, src16_len, 
-                                  locale, &status);
+        dest16_len = u_strToUpper(dest16->utf16, dest16->utf16_cap,
+                                  src16->utf16, src16->utf16_len, 
+                                  locale, status);
         break;
     case 't':    
-        dest16_len = u_strToTitle(dest16, dest16_cap, src16, src16_len,
-                                  0, locale, &status);
+        dest16_len = u_strToTitle(dest16->utf16, dest16->utf16_cap,
+                                  src16->utf16, src16->utf16_len,
+                                  0, locale, status);
         break;
     case 'f':    
-        dest16_len = u_strFoldCase(dest16, dest16_cap, src16, src16_len,
-                                   U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT, &status);
+        dest16_len = u_strFoldCase(dest16->utf16, dest16->utf16_cap,
+                                   src16->utf16, src16->utf16_len,
+                                   U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT, status);
         break;
         
     default:
+        return U_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
+        break;
+    }
+
+    // check for buffer overflow, resize and retry
+    if (*status == U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR
+        && dest16 != src16        // do not resize if in-place conversion 
+        //|| dest16_len > dest16->utf16_cap
+        ){
+        icu_buf_utf16_resize(dest16, dest16_len * 2);
+        *status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
+
+    
+        switch(action) {    
+        case 'l':    
+            dest16_len = u_strToLower(dest16->utf16, dest16->utf16_cap,
+                                      src16->utf16, src16->utf16_len, 
+                                      locale, status);
+            break;
+        case 'u':    
+            dest16_len = u_strToUpper(dest16->utf16, dest16->utf16_cap,
+                                      src16->utf16, src16->utf16_len, 
+                                      locale, status);
+            break;
+        case 't':    
+            dest16_len = u_strToTitle(dest16->utf16, dest16->utf16_cap,
+                                      src16->utf16, src16->utf16_len,
+                                      0, locale, status);
+            break;
+        case 'f':    
+            dest16_len = u_strFoldCase(dest16->utf16, dest16->utf16_cap,
+                                       src16->utf16, src16->utf16_len,
+                                       U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT, status);
+            break;
+        
+        default:
+            return U_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    if (U_SUCCESS(*status)
+        && dest16_len < dest16->utf16_cap)
+        dest16->utf16_len = dest16_len;
+    else {
+        dest16->utf16[0] = (UChar) 0;
+        dest16->utf16_len = 0;
+    }
+  
+    return *status;
+};
+
+
+
+UErrorCode icu_sortkey8_from_utf16(UCollator *coll,
+                                   struct icu_buf_utf8 * dest8, 
+                                   struct icu_buf_utf16 * src16,
+                                   UErrorCode * status)
+{ 
+  
+    int32_t sortkey_len = 0;
+
+    sortkey_len = ucol_getSortKey(coll, src16->utf16, src16->utf16_len,
+                                  dest8->utf8, dest8->utf8_cap);
+
+    // check for buffer overflow, resize and retry
+    if (sortkey_len > dest8->utf8_cap) {
+        icu_buf_utf8_resize(dest8, sortkey_len * 2);
+        sortkey_len = ucol_getSortKey(coll, src16->utf16, src16->utf16_len,
+                                      dest8->utf8, dest8->utf8_cap);
+    }
+
+    if (U_SUCCESS(*status)
+        && sortkey_len > 0)
+        dest8->utf8_len = sortkey_len;
+    else {
+        dest8->utf8[0] = (UChar) 0;
+        dest8->utf8_len = 0;
+    }
+
+    return sortkey_len;
+};
+
+
+
+struct icu_tokenizer * icu_tokenizer_create(const char *locale, char action,
+                                            UErrorCode *status)
+{
+    struct icu_tokenizer * tokenizer
+        = (struct icu_tokenizer *) malloc(sizeof(struct icu_tokenizer));
+
+    strcpy(tokenizer->locale, locale);
+    tokenizer->action = action;
+    tokenizer->bi = 0;
+    tokenizer->buf16 = 0;
+    tokenizer->token_count = 0;
+    tokenizer->token_id = 0;
+    tokenizer->token_start = 0;
+    tokenizer->token_end = 0;
+
+
+    switch(tokenizer->action) {    
+    case 'l':
+        tokenizer->bi
+            = ubrk_open(UBRK_LINE, tokenizer->locale,
+                        0, 0, status);
+        break;
+    case 's':
+        tokenizer->bi
+            = ubrk_open(UBRK_SENTENCE, tokenizer->locale,
+                        0, 0, status);
+        break;
+    case 'w':
+        tokenizer->bi 
+            = ubrk_open(UBRK_WORD, tokenizer->locale,
+                        0, 0, status);
+        break;
+    case 'c':
+        tokenizer->bi 
+            = ubrk_open(UBRK_CHARACTER, tokenizer->locale,
+                        0, 0, status);
+        break;
+    case 't':
+        tokenizer->bi 
+            = ubrk_open(UBRK_TITLE, tokenizer->locale,
+                        0, 0, status);
+        break;
+    default:
+        *status = U_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
         return 0;
         break;
     }
+    
+    // ICU error stuff is a very  funny business
+    if (U_SUCCESS(*status))
+        return tokenizer;
 
-    if (U_ZERO_ERROR != icu_check_status(status))
+    // freeing if failed
+    icu_tokenizer_destroy(tokenizer);
+    return 0;
+};
+
+void icu_tokenizer_destroy(struct icu_tokenizer * tokenizer)
+{
+    if (tokenizer) {
+        if (tokenizer->bi)
+            ubrk_close(tokenizer->bi);
+        free(tokenizer);
+    }
+};
+
+int icu_tokenizer_attach(struct icu_tokenizer * tokenizer, 
+                         struct icu_buf_utf16 * src16, 
+                         UErrorCode *status)
+{
+    if (!tokenizer || !tokenizer->bi || !src16)
         return 0;
-    else
-        return dest16_len;
-}
 
 
-char * icu_casemap(NMEM nmem, char *buf, size_t buf_cap, 
-                   size_t *dest8_len,  const char *src8,
-                   const char *locale, char action)
+    tokenizer->buf16 = src16;
+    tokenizer->token_count = 0;
+    tokenizer->token_id = 0;
+    tokenizer->token_start = 0;
+    tokenizer->token_end = 0;
+
+    ubrk_setText(tokenizer->bi, src16->utf16, src16->utf16_len, status);
+    
+ 
+    if (U_FAILURE(*status))
+        return 0;
+
+    return 1;
+};
+
+int32_t icu_tokenizer_next_token(struct icu_tokenizer * tokenizer, 
+                         struct icu_buf_utf16 * tkn16, 
+                         UErrorCode *status)
 {
-    size_t src8_len = strlen(src8);
-    int32_t buf_len = 0;
-    char * dest8 = 0;
+    int32_t tkn_start = 0;
+    int32_t tkn_end = 0;
+    int32_t tkn_len = 0;
     
-    if (dest8_len)
-        *dest8_len = 0;
 
-    if (!buf || !(buf_cap > 0) || !src8_len)
+    if (!tokenizer || !tokenizer->bi
+        || !tokenizer->buf16 || !tokenizer->buf16->utf16_len)
         return 0;
 
-    // converting buf to utf16
-    buf = (char *)icu_utf16_from_utf8n((UChar *) buf, 
-                                       (int32_t) buf_cap, &buf_len,
-                                       src8, src8_len);
+    // never change tokenizer->buf16 and keep always invariant
+    // 0 <= tokenizer->token_start 
+    //   <= tokenizer->token_end 
+    //   <= tokenizer->buf16->utf16_len
+    // returns length of token
+
+    if (0 == tokenizer->token_end) // first call
+        tkn_start = ubrk_first(tokenizer->bi);
+    else //successive calls
+        tkn_start = tokenizer->token_end;
+
+    // get next position
+    tkn_end = ubrk_next(tokenizer->bi);
+
+    // repairing invariant at end of ubrk, which is UBRK_DONE = -1 
+    if (UBRK_DONE == tkn_end)
+        tkn_end = tokenizer->buf16->utf16_len;
+
+    // copy out if everything is well
+    if(U_FAILURE(*status))
+        return 0;        
+    
+    // everything OK, now update internal state
+    tkn_len = tkn_end - tkn_start;
+
+    if (0 < tkn_len){
+        tokenizer->token_count++;
+        tokenizer->token_id++;
+    } else {
+        tokenizer->token_id = 0;    
+    }
+    tokenizer->token_start = tkn_start;
+    tokenizer->token_end = tkn_end;
     
-    // case mapping
-    buf_len = (size_t) icu_utf16_casemap((UChar *)buf, (int32_t) buf_cap,
-                                         (const UChar *)buf, (int32_t) buf_len,
-                                         locale, action);
 
-    // converting buf to utf8
-    buf = icu_utf16_to_utf8(buf, buf_cap, (size_t *) &buf_len,
-                            (const UChar *) buf, (int32_t) buf_len);
+    // copying into token buffer if it exists 
+    if (tkn16){
+        if (tkn16->utf16_cap < tkn_len)
+            icu_buf_utf16_resize(tkn16, (size_t) tkn_len * 2);
+
+        u_strncpy(tkn16->utf16, &(tokenizer->buf16->utf16)[tkn_start], 
+                  tkn_len);
+
+        tkn16->utf16_len = tkn_len;
+    }
+
+    return tkn_len;
+}
+
+
+int32_t icu_tokenizer_token_id(struct icu_tokenizer * tokenizer)
+{
+    return tokenizer->token_id;
+};
+
+int32_t icu_tokenizer_token_start(struct icu_tokenizer * tokenizer)
+{
+    return tokenizer->token_start;
+};
 
+int32_t icu_tokenizer_token_end(struct icu_tokenizer * tokenizer)
+{
+    return tokenizer->token_end;
+};
+
+int32_t icu_tokenizer_token_length(struct icu_tokenizer * tokenizer)
+{
+    return (tokenizer->token_end - tokenizer->token_start);
+};
+
+int32_t icu_tokenizer_token_count(struct icu_tokenizer * tokenizer)
+{
+    return tokenizer->token_count;
+};
+
+
+
+//struct icu_normalizer
+//{
+//  char action;
+//  struct icu_buf_utf16 * rules16;
+//  UParseError parse_error[256];
+//  UTransliterator * trans;
+//};
+
+
+struct icu_normalizer * icu_normalizer_create(const char *rules, char action,
+                                              UErrorCode *status)
+{
+
+    struct icu_normalizer * normalizer
+        = (struct icu_normalizer *) malloc(sizeof(struct icu_normalizer));
+
+    normalizer->action = action;
+    normalizer->trans = 0;
+    normalizer->rules16 =  icu_buf_utf16_create(0);
+    icu_utf16_from_utf8_cstr(normalizer->rules16, rules, status);
+     
+    switch(normalizer->action) {    
+    case 'f':
+        normalizer->trans
+            = utrans_openU(normalizer->rules16->utf16, 
+                           normalizer->rules16->utf16_len,
+                           UTRANS_FORWARD,
+                           0, 0, 
+                           normalizer->parse_error, status);
+        break;
+    case 'r':
+        normalizer->trans
+            = utrans_openU(normalizer->rules16->utf16,
+                           normalizer->rules16->utf16_len,
+                           UTRANS_REVERSE ,
+                           0, 0,
+                           normalizer->parse_error, status);
+        break;
+    default:
+        *status = U_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
+        return 0;
+        break;
+    }
     
-    // copying out to nmem
-    buf[buf_len] = '\0';
+    if (U_SUCCESS(*status))
+        return normalizer;
 
-    if(dest8_len)
-        *dest8_len = buf_len;
+    // freeing if failed
+    icu_normalizer_destroy(normalizer);
+    return 0;
+};
 
-    dest8 =  nmem_strdup(nmem, buf);
-    return dest8;
+
+void icu_normalizer_destroy(struct icu_normalizer * normalizer){
+    if (normalizer) {
+        if (normalizer->rules16) 
+            icu_buf_utf16_destroy(normalizer->rules16);
+        if (normalizer->trans)
+            utrans_close(normalizer->trans);
+        free(normalizer);
+    }
+};
+
+
+
+int icu_normalizer_normalize(struct icu_normalizer * normalizer,
+                             struct icu_buf_utf16 * dest16,
+                             struct icu_buf_utf16 * src16,
+                             UErrorCode *status)
+{
+    if (!normalizer || !normalizer->trans || !src16 || !dest16)
+        return 0;
+
+    if (!icu_buf_utf16_copy(dest16, src16))
+        return 0;
+
+    utrans_transUChars (normalizer->trans, 
+                        dest16->utf16, &(dest16->utf16_len),
+                        dest16->utf16_cap,
+                        0, &(src16->utf16_len), status);
+
+    if (U_FAILURE(*status)){
+        dest16->utf16[0] = (UChar) 0;
+        dest16->utf16_len = 0;
+    }
+    
+    return dest16->utf16_len;
 }
 
 
 
 
+struct icu_chain_step * icu_chain_step_create(struct icu_chain * chain,
+                                              enum icu_chain_step_type type,
+                                              const uint8_t * rule,
+                                              struct icu_buf_utf16 * buf16,
+                                              UErrorCode *status)
+{
+    struct icu_chain_step * step = 0;
+    
+    if(!chain || !type || !rule)
+        return 0;
+
+    step = (struct icu_chain_step *) malloc(sizeof(struct icu_chain_step));
+
+    step->type = type;
+    step->more_tokens = 0;
+
+    if (buf16)
+        step->buf16 = buf16;
+    else
+        step->buf16 = 0;
+
+    // create auxilary objects
+    switch(step->type) {
+    case ICU_chain_step_type_display:
+        break;
+    case ICU_chain_step_type_norm:
+        break;
+    case ICU_chain_step_type_sort:
+        break;
+    case ICU_chain_step_type_charmap:
+        break;
+    case ICU_chain_step_type_normalize:
+        step->u.normalizer = icu_normalizer_create((char *) rule, 'f', status);
+        break;
+    case ICU_chain_step_type_tokenize:
+        step->u.tokenizer = icu_tokenizer_create((char *) chain->locale, 
+                                                 (char) rule[0], status);
+        break;
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+
+    return step;
+};
+
+
+void icu_chain_step_destroy(struct icu_chain_step * step){
+    
+    if (!step)
+        return;
+
+    icu_chain_step_destroy(step->previous);
+
+    switch(step->type) {
+    case ICU_chain_step_type_display:
+        break;
+    case ICU_chain_step_type_norm:
+        break;
+    case ICU_chain_step_type_sort:
+        break;
+    case ICU_chain_step_type_charmap:
+        icu_buf_utf16_destroy(step->buf16);
+        break;
+    case ICU_chain_step_type_normalize:
+        icu_normalizer_destroy(step->u.normalizer);
+        icu_buf_utf16_destroy(step->buf16);
+        break;
+    case ICU_chain_step_type_tokenize:
+        icu_tokenizer_destroy(step->u.tokenizer);
+        icu_buf_utf16_destroy(step->buf16);
+        break;
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+
+
+};
+
+
+
+struct icu_chain * icu_chain_create(const uint8_t * identifier,
+                                    const uint8_t * locale)
+{
+
+    struct icu_chain * chain 
+        = (struct icu_chain *) malloc(sizeof(struct icu_chain));
+
+    strncpy((char *) chain->identifier, (const char *) identifier, 128);
+    chain->identifier[128 - 1] = '\0';
+    strncpy((char *) chain->locale, (const char *) locale, 16);    
+    chain->locale[16 - 1] = '\0';
+
+    chain->token_count = 0;
+
+    chain->display8 = icu_buf_utf8_create(0);
+    chain->norm8 = icu_buf_utf8_create(0);
+    chain->sort8 = icu_buf_utf8_create(0);
+
+    chain->src16 = icu_buf_utf16_create(0);
+
+    chain->steps = 0;
+
+    return chain;
+};
+
+
+void icu_chain_destroy(struct icu_chain * chain)
+{
+    icu_buf_utf8_destroy(chain->display8);
+    icu_buf_utf8_destroy(chain->norm8);
+    icu_buf_utf8_destroy(chain->sort8);
+
+    icu_buf_utf16_destroy(chain->src16);
+
+    icu_chain_step_destroy(chain->steps);
+};
+
+
+struct icu_chain_step * icu_chain_insert_step(struct icu_chain * chain,
+                                              enum icu_chain_step_type type,
+                                              const uint8_t * rule,
+                                              UErrorCode *status)
+{    
+    struct icu_chain_step * step = 0;
+    struct icu_buf_utf16 * src16 = 0;
+    struct icu_buf_utf16 * buf16 = 0;
+
+    if (!chain || !type || !rule)
+        return 0;
+
+    // assign utf16 src buffers as needed 
+    if (chain->steps && chain->steps->buf16)
+        src16 = chain->steps->buf16;
+    else if (chain->src16)
+        src16 = chain->src16;
+    else
+        return 0;
+
+    
+    // assign utf16 destination buffers as needed, or
+    // re-use previous uft18 buffer if this step does not touch it
+    switch(type) {
+    case ICU_chain_step_type_display:
+        buf16 = src16;
+        break;
+    case ICU_chain_step_type_norm:
+        buf16 = src16;
+        break;
+    case ICU_chain_step_type_sort:
+        buf16 = src16;
+        break;
+    case ICU_chain_step_type_charmap:
+        buf16 = icu_buf_utf16_create(0);
+        break;
+    case ICU_chain_step_type_normalize:
+        buf16 = icu_buf_utf16_create(0);
+        break;
+    case ICU_chain_step_type_tokenize:
+        buf16 = icu_buf_utf16_create(0);
+        break;
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+
+    // create actual chain step with this buffer
+    step = icu_chain_step_create(chain, type, rule, buf16, status);
+
+    step->previous = chain->steps;
+    chain->steps = step;
+
+    return step;
+};
+
+
+int icu_chain_step_next_token(struct icu_chain * chain,
+                              struct icu_chain_step * step,
+                              UErrorCode *status)
+{
+    struct icu_buf_utf16 * src16 = 0;
+    
+    printf("icu_chain_step_next_token %d\n", (int) step);
+
+    if (!chain || !chain->src16 || !step || !step->more_tokens)
+        return 0;
+
+    // assign utf16 src buffers as neeed, advance in previous steps
+    // tokens, and setting stop condition
+    if (step->previous){
+        src16 = step->previous->buf16;
+        step->more_tokens 
+            = icu_chain_step_next_token(chain, step->previous, status);
+    }
+    else { // first step can only work once on chain->src16 input buffer
+        src16 = chain->src16;
+        step->more_tokens = 1;
+    }
+
+    // stop if nothing to process 
+    // i.e new token source was not properly assigned
+    if (!step->more_tokens || !src16 || !src16->utf16_len) //  
+        return 0;
+
+    printf("icu_chain_step_next_token %d working\n", (int) step);
+
+
+    // perform the work, eventually put this steps output in 
+    // step->buf16 or the chains UTF8 output buffers 
+    switch(step->type) {
+    case ICU_chain_step_type_display:
+        icu_utf16_to_utf8(chain->display8, src16, status);
+        break;
+    case ICU_chain_step_type_norm:
+        icu_utf16_to_utf8(chain->norm8, src16, status);
+        break;
+    case ICU_chain_step_type_sort:
+        icu_utf16_to_utf8(chain->sort8, src16, status);
+        break;
+    case ICU_chain_step_type_charmap:
+        break;
+    case ICU_chain_step_type_normalize:
+        icu_normalizer_normalize(step->u.normalizer,
+                                 step->buf16, src16, status);
+        break;
+    case ICU_chain_step_type_tokenize:
+        // step->more_tokens
+        //       = icu_tokenizer_next_token(step->u.tokenizer,
+        //                               step->buf16, status);
+        break;
+    default:
+        return 0;
+        break;
+    }
+    
+
+    // stop further token processing if last step
+    if (!step->previous)
+        step->more_tokens = 0;
+
+
+    if (U_FAILURE(*status))
+        return 0;
+
+    return 1;
+};
+
+
+
+int icu_chain_assign_cstr(struct icu_chain * chain,
+                          const char * src8cstr, 
+                          UErrorCode *status)
+{
+    struct icu_chain_step * stp = chain->steps;
+
+    if (!chain || !src8cstr)
+        return 0;
+    
+    // clear token count
+    chain->token_count = 0;
+
+    // clear all steps stop states
+
+    while (stp){
+        stp->more_tokens = 1;
+        stp = stp->previous;
+    }
+    
+    // finally convert UTF8 to UTF16 string
+    icu_utf16_from_utf8_cstr(chain->src16, src8cstr, status);
+            
+    if (U_FAILURE(*status))
+        return 0;
+
+    return 1;
+};
+
+
+
+int icu_chain_next_token(struct icu_chain * chain,
+                         UErrorCode *status)
+{
+    int success = 0;
+    
+    if (!chain || !chain->steps)
+        return 0;
+
+    success = icu_chain_step_next_token(chain, chain->steps, status);
+    
+    if (success){
+        chain->token_count++;
+        return chain->token_count;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+};
+
+int icu_chain_get_token_count(struct icu_chain * chain)
+{
+    if (!chain)
+        return 0;
+    
+    return chain->token_count;
+};
+
+
+
+const char * icu_chain_get_display(struct icu_chain * chain)
+{
+    if (chain->display8)
+        return (const char *) chain->display8->utf8;
+    
+    return 0;
+};
+
+const char * icu_chain_get_norm(struct icu_chain * chain)
+{
+    if (chain->norm8)
+        return (const char *) chain->norm8->utf8;
+    
+    return 0;
+};
+
+const char * icu_chain_get_sort(struct icu_chain * chain)
+{
+    if (chain->sort8)
+        return (const char *) chain->sort8->utf8;
+    
+    return 0;
+};
+
+
+
+
 #endif // HAVE_ICU